The Noble Eightfold Path describes the way to the end of suffering, 
as it was laid out by Siddhartha Gautama. It is a practical guideline to
 ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing the individual 
from attachments and delusions; and it finally leads to understanding 
the truth about all things.
Together with the Four Noble     
Truths it constitutes the gist of Buddhism. Great emphasis is put on the
 practical aspect, because it is only through     practice that one can 
attain a higher level of existence and finally reach Nirvana. The eight 
aspects of the path are     not to be understood as a sequence of single
 steps, instead they are highly interdependent principles that have to 
be     seen in relationship with each other.
1. Right View
Right
 view is the beginning and the end of the path, it simply means to see 
and to understand things as they really     are and to realise the Four 
Noble Truth. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. It 
means to see things     through, to grasp the impermanent and imperfect 
nature of worldly objects and ideas, and to understand the law of karma 
    and karmic conditioning.
Right view is not necessarily an 
intellectual capacity, just as wisdom is not just a matter of     
intelligence. Instead, right view is attained, sustained, and enhanced 
through all capacities of mind. It begins with     the intuitive insight
 that all beings are subject to suffering and it ends with complete 
understanding of the true nature     of all things. Since our view of 
the world forms our thoughts and our actions, right view yields right 
thoughts and right     actions.
2. Right Intention
While
 right view refers to the cognitive aspect of wisdom, right intention 
refers to the volitional aspect, i.e. the     kind of mental energy that
 controls our actions. Right intention can be described best as commitment to ethical     and mental self-improvement. Buddha distinguishes three types of right intentions:
1.
 the intention of renunciation, which     means resistance to the pull 
of desire, 2. the intention of good will, meaning resistance to feelings
 of anger and aversion,     and 3. the intention of harmlessness, 
meaning not to think or act cruelly, violently, or aggressively, and to 
develop     compassion.
3. Right Speech
Right speech is the first principle of ethical conduct in the eightfold path. Ethical conduct is viewed as a guideline     to moral discipline,
 which supports the other principles of the path. This aspect is not 
self-sufficient, however,     essential, because mental purification can
 only be achieved through the cultivation of ethical conduct.
The 
importance     of speech in the context of Buddhist ethics is obvious: 
words can break or save lives, make enemies or friends, start     war or
 create peace. Buddha explained right speech as follows: 1. to abstain 
from false speech, especially not to tell     deliberate lies and not to
 speak deceitfully, 2. to abstain from slanderous speech and not to use 
words maliciously against     others, 3. to abstain from harsh words 
that offend or hurt others, and 4. to abstain from idle chatter that 
lacks purpose     or depth. Positively phrased, this means to tell the 
truth, to speak friendly, warm, and gently and to talk only when     
necessary.
4. Right Action
The 
second ethical principle, right action, involves the body as natural 
means of expression, as it refers to deeds that involve bodily actions. 
Unwholesome actions lead to unsound states of mind, while wholesome 
actions lead to sound states of mind.
Again, the principle is 
explained in terms of abstinence: right action means 1. to abstain from 
harming sentient beings, especially to abstain from taking life 
(including suicide) and doing harm intentionally or delinquently, 2. to 
abstain from taking what is not given, which includes stealing, robbery,
 fraud, deceitfulness, and dishonesty, and 3. to abstain from sexual 
misconduct. Positively formulated, right action means to act kindly and 
compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and 
to keep sexual relationships harmless to others. Further details 
regarding the concrete meaning of right action can be found in the 
Precepts.
5. Right Livelihood
Right 
livelihood means that one should earn one's living in a righteous way 
and that wealth should be gained legally     and peacefully. The Buddha 
mentions four specific activities that harm other beings and that one 
should avoid for this     reason: 1. dealing in weapons, 2. dealing in 
living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave 
trade     and prostitution), 3. working in meat production and butchery,
 and 4. selling intoxicants and poisons, such as alcohol     and drugs. 
Furthermore any other occupation that would violate the principles of 
right speech and right action should     be avoided.
6. Right Effort
Right
 effort can be seen as a prerequisite for the other principles of the 
path. Without effort, which is in itself     an act of will, nothing can
 be achieved, whereas misguided effort distracts the mind from its task,
 and confusion will     be the consequence. Mental energy is the force 
behind right effort; it can occur in either wholesome or unwholesome 
states.     The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression,
 and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline,     honesty, 
benevolence, and kindness. Right effort is detailed in four types of 
endeavours that rank in ascending order of     perfection: 1. to prevent
 the arising of unarisen unwholesome states, 2. to abandon unwholesome 
states that have already     arisen, 3. to arouse wholesome states that 
have not yet arisen, and 4. to maintain and perfect wholesome states 
already     arisen.
7. Right Mindfulness
Right
 mindfulness is the controlled and perfected faculty of cognition. It is
 the mental ability to see things as they     are, with clear 
consciousness. Usually, the cognitive process begins with an impression 
induced by perception, or by a     thought, but then it does not stay 
with the mere impression. Instead, we almost always conceptualise sense 
impressions     and thoughts immediately. We interpret them and set them
 in relation to other thoughts and experiences, which naturally     go 
beyond the facticity of the original impression.
The mind then 
posits concepts, joins concepts into constructs, and     weaves those 
constructs into complex interpretative schemes. All this happens only 
half consciously, and as a result we     often see things obscured. 
Right mindfulness is anchored in clear perception and it penetrates 
impressions without getting     carried away. Right mindfulness enables 
us to be aware of the process of conceptualisation in a way that we 
actively observe     and control the way our thoughts go. Buddha 
accounted for this as the four foundations of mindfulness: 1. 
contemplation     of the body, 2. contemplation of feeling (repulsive, 
attractive, or neutral), 3. contemplation of the state of mind, and     
4. contemplation of the phenomena.
8. Right Concentration
The
 eighth principle of the path, right concentration, refers to the 
development of a mental force that occurs in natural consciousness, 
although at a relatively low level of intensity, namely concentration. 
Concentration in this context is described as one-pointedness of mind, 
meaning a state where all mental faculties are unified and directed onto
 one particular object.
Right concentration for the purpose of the eightfold path means wholesome concentration,
 i.e. concentration on wholesome thoughts and actions. The Buddhist 
method of choice to develop right concentration is through the practice 
of meditation. The meditating mind focuses on a selected object. It 
first directs itself onto it, then sustains concentration, and finally 
intensifies concentration step by step. Through this practice it becomes
 natural to apply elevated levels concentration also in everyday 
situations.
~ Gilles Chamboraire on FB